![]() Soluble bases (alkali bases) dissociate releasing metal cations and hydroxyl anions Overall dissociation: H 2SO 4 (aq) → 2H + (aq) + SO 4 2- (aq) Dissociation of bases Step II: HSO 4 - (aq) → H + (aq) + SO 4 2- (aq) Step I: H 2SO 4 (aq) → H + (aq) + HSO 4 - (aq) Let’s consider dissociation of different substances: Dissociation of acidsĪcids consisting of 1 hydrogen atom dissociate completely in one step:Īcids consisting of 2 or more hydrogens dissociate in steps In reality, we have H 3O + in a solution as a result of ionic dissociation of hydrochloric acid, but for simplicity, we just write H + instead of H 3O +. Let’s consider the simple dissociation of an acid: Since water is a polar molecule, it is considered a dipole.Įven though we denote ions as X + or Y -, we have hydrated ions in the solution, meaning that water molecules surround the ions. Typical examples are – DI water, ethanol, sugar (C 6H 12O 6 – glucose), some other organic compounds, etc.Įlectrolytic dissociation, also referred to as ionic dissociation, occurs when an electrolyte is dissolved in an aqueous solution (meaning that it is dissociated into ions). ![]() Nonelectrolytes – substances that DO NOT conduct electricity and, therefore, do not dissociate into ions in an aqueous solution.Common examples are – salts, acids, bases, etc. Electrolytes – substances that conduct electricity and completely ionize in an aqueous solution.Groups of Substances:Ĭonsidering the properties to conduct the electricity, substances are divided into two main groups: Ionic equations are similar to ordinary chemical equations, but in this case, electrolytes (aqueous substances) are written in the form of dissociated ions. Ionic equations can be written for any reaction involving aqueous substances (ions in a solution). After dissolving in liquid, these ions will separate out. In other terms, we can state that when a compound that is composed of ions is dissolved in liquid, we get a solution. If an atom or a molecule gains an electron → negatively charged ionĪs we already know, solution results from a solute that is dissolved in a solvent. If an atom or a molecule loses an electron → positively charged ion Ions are formed when atoms or molecules lose or gain electrons therefore, ions have an overall positive or negative charge. ![]()
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